Saturday, August 22, 2026

Nepal Names 16 Students to Represent the Nation at Three International Astronomy Olympiads in 2026

- Kathmandu, Nepal

The Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO) has announced the sixteen students who will carry Nepal's flag at three international astronomy competitions later this year, following the successful conclusion of the 13th National Astronomy Olympiad 2026 (NAO2026). The selected students, drawn from the Senior and Junior merit lists of the national closed camp, will represent Nepal at the 19th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA 2026) in Hanoi, Vietnam; the 5th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics for Juniors (IOAA-jr 2026) in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand; and the 5th Open World Astronomy Olympiad (OWAO) in Sirius, Russia.

The Road from NAO2026

The 13th National Astronomy Olympiad 2026 reached its climax with a national-level closed camp held from June 1–7, 2026, bringing together the country's most promising young astronomers for an intensive week of instruction and examination. NASO released the final round results for both the Senior and Junior categories on June 15, 2026, publishing National Merit Lists of 40 students each.

In the Senior Category, Aryan Khadka of Kathmandu Model Secondary School, Lalitpur, topped the merit list, followed closely by Shashwot Regmi of Motherland Secondary School, Pokhara, and Krish Shrestha of SOS HGS School Gandaki, Pokhara. In the Junior Category, Shahwaz Alam of Bal Kalyan Vidhya Mandir, Biratnagar, led the field, with Sampanna Dahal of Kathmandu Pragya Kunja School and Abhibyakti Tamang of Little Angels' School, Hattiban, rounding out the top three.

All students on the merit lists - with the exception of two flagged for disciplinary review by the NAO2026 Organizing Committee - became eligible for selection to represent Nepal at this year's international olympiads, with final selection based on merit as well as interviews with students and their parents.

Orientation for the International Journey

On July 31, 2026, NASO's academic committee members held an online orientation session for the students shortlisted for the IOAA, IOAA-jr, and OWAO teams. During the session, committee members shared their own passion for astronomy, personal achievements, and guidance to help prepare the participants for the challenges ahead - both academic and personal - of representing Nepal on the international stage. The orientation marked the formal beginning of the journey for the sixteen students who now make up Team Nepal across the three competitions.

Team Nepal: 19th IOAA 2026 - Hanoi, Vietnam (September 25 - October 5, 2026)

Leading the senior delegation to Vietnam are Suresh Bhattarai and Manisha Dwa as Team Leaders. The five student representatives are:

  • Aryan Khadka
  • Shashwot Regmi
  • Krish Shrestha
  • Ankita Acharya
  • Shubham Shrestha

Team Nepal: 5th IOAA-jr 2026 - Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand (November 1 - 8, 2026)

The junior delegation to Thailand will be led by Team Leaders Manisha Dwa and Oshan Sharma Kattel, accompanying five student representatives:

  • Shahwaz Alam
  • Evan Dubey
  • Abhi Udaya Dhungana
  • Sahaj KC
  • Akhilesh Pokharel

Team Nepal: 5th OWAO 2026 - Sirius, Russia (November 6 - 14, 2026)

Team Leader Suresh Bhattarai will guide the six-student contingent travelling to Russia:

  • Suyash Koirala
  • Rivash Rai
  • Om Raj Puri
  • Sneha Koirala
  • Dipchan Karki
  • Garima Basnet

Pre-Departure Training Underway

Building on the momentum of the July orientation, NASO launched a structured pre-departure training programme on August 6, 2026, for all three teams. The training will continue in phases through each team's respective departure date, covering advanced problem-solving in theoretical and observational astronomy, data analysis, telescope handling, and the practical skills the students will need to compete at the international level. The programme is designed to run right up until each team departs to represent Nepal, ensuring the students arrive at Hanoi, Ubon Ratchathani, and Sirius fully prepared to compete against the world's brightest young astronomers.

NASO Chairperson Suresh Bhattarai congratulated all the students on the national merit lists and extended special wishes to the sixteen selected for international duty, noting that their preparation this year reflects the growing strength and depth of astronomy education across Nepal.


For further details, contact the NASO Office at +977-9843708248, or visit olympiad page in our website www.nepalastronomicalsociety.org/olympiad

Thursday, August 6, 2026

Call for Applications: All-Nepal Asteroid Search Campaign 2026–2027: Join the Hunt, Discover the Unknown

The Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO), in collaboration with the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC), is proud to open applications for the All-Nepal Asteroid Search Campaign 2026–2027 — a nationwide citizen science initiative inviting schools, colleges, astronomy clubs, and institutions across Nepal to take part in real, hands-on Near-Earth Asteroid research.



Since 2016, NASO and IASC have worked together to give Nepali students and astronomy enthusiasts the opportunity to search for and track Near-Earth Asteroids using real telescope data. This year, we're continuing that legacy — and we want your institution to be part of it.

Real Data. Real Discoveries. Real Impact.

This isn't a simulation. Participants work with authentic observational data to search for undiscovered asteroids, contributing directly to global planetary defense efforts, scientific research, and technological learning.

Campaign Details

  • Campaign Period: August 2026 – July 2027
  • Application Deadline: Call for applications is open until August 31, 2026
  • Who Can Participate: Students, educators, amateur astronomers, astronomy clubs, and institutions in Nepal
  • Commitment: A one-year collaboration comprising 9 search campaigns
  • Minimum Participation: At least 45 people from the participating school or college, involved consistently through July 2027


What You Get

  • Access to telescopes and software used for real asteroid searches
  • Training and mentorship from experienced astronomers throughout the campaign
  • The opportunity to discover asteroids and contribute to real scientific data
  • E-certificates and recognition for participating students and institutions


Why Join?

  • Contribute to global asteroid discovery efforts
  • Gain hands-on experience in observational astronomy
  • Earn recognition for your discoveries
  • Become part of Nepal's growing astronomy community


How to Apply

We're inviting interested schools, colleges, astronomy clubs, and institutions to enroll for the 2026–2027 campaign. Applications close on August 31, 2026, so interested institutions are encouraged to reach out soon. Here's how the process works:

  1. Request the letter template. Contact our team to receive the official request letter template.
  2. Submit your institutional request. Prepare and send us a formal request letter on your institution's official letterhead, confirming your intent to participate.
  3. Commit to the campaign. Once enrolled, your institution commits to a full year of collaboration — 9 campaigns in total — with a minimum of 45 participants engaged from your school or college through July 2027.
  4. Start discovering. Our team will provide training, telescope/software access, and ongoing mentorship throughout the campaign.


Get in Touch

To enroll your school, college, astronomy club, or institution, contact us:

๐Ÿ“ž +977 984-3708248

๐ŸŒ www.naso.org.np


Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, X, TikTok, and YouTube: @nasonepal

#NASONepal


Be part of continued efforts since 2016 to discover and track Near-Earth Asteroids using real telescopes and real data. Your discoveries can contribute to science, technology, and planetary defense - join us for 2026–2027.

Tuesday, August 4, 2026

OAE Node Nepal & NASO Represented at the 2nd Philippine Space Science and Astronomy Research Conference!

Kathmandu, Nepal — The Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO) and the OAE Node Nepal are proud to share that our Deputy Manager, Manisha Dwa, was invited as a Resource Speaker at the 2nd Philippine Space Science and Astronomy Research Conference (PSSARC 2026), held from August 3 - 5, 2026 at the University of San Carlos - Talamban Campus, Cebu City, Philippines.

Due to a demanding schedule, Ms. Dwa was unable to travel to Cebu City in person. In keeping with our commitment to accessible and inclusive participation in the global astronomy community, she delivered her presentation virtually, joining the conference live from Kathmandu.

Presentation: "Making the Universe Accessible: Astronomy Education for Visually Impaired Students in Nepal"

Representing NASO and OAE Node Nepal, Ms. Dwa presented her work on astronomy education for visually impaired students in Nepal, sharing approaches and tools developed to make astronomy concepts accessible through non-visual learning methods. The talk reflects OAE Node Nepal's ongoing mission to ensure that astronomy education reaches every learner, regardless of ability.


We extend our sincere thanks to the
 Philippine Society of Space and Astronomy Research, Inc. and the University of San Carlos for the invitation and for facilitating Ms. Dwa's virtual participation in the conference.

Certificate of Commendation

In recognition of her contribution as a Resource Speaker, Ms. Dwa was awarded Certificate of Commendation by the Philippine Society of Space and Astronomy Research, Inc. and the University of San Carlos.

As Ms. Dwa was not present in Cebu City to receive the certificate directly, it was graciously accepted on her behalf by Mr. Matipon Tangmatitham, Manager of OAE Center Thailand. NASO and OAE Node Nepal thank Mr. Tangmatitham and OAE Center Thailand for their support in this exchange.



The certificate will be formally handed over to Ms. Dwa when she and Mr. Tangmatitham meet in person at IOAA-jr 2026.

Looking Ahead

NASO and OAE Node Nepal remain committed to strengthening regional and international collaboration in astronomy education, and to expanding accessible learning opportunities for students across Nepal. We congratulate Ms. Manisha Dwa on this recognition and thank our partners across the OAE network for their continued collaboration.

For more information about OAE Node Nepal's work in accessible astronomy education, please contact the Nepal Astronomical Society (NASO).

Monday, March 16, 2026

The 3rd Nepal Young Physicists ' Tournament welcomes registration until March 21, 2026!

๐Ÿ“ข ๐“๐ก๐ž ๐Ÿ‘๐ซ๐ ๐๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ฅ ๐˜๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐  ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ' ๐“๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ (๐๐˜๐๐“) ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ” ๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ƒ๐ž๐š๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž ๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ๐ž๐ง๐๐ฌ ๐ฎ๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฅ ๐Œ๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”!


๐Ÿ‘ฉ‍๐Ÿ”ฌ ๐–๐ก๐จ ๐‚๐š๐ง ๐€๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ฒ?
High school students currently enrolled in Grades 9–12 (or equivalent).
⚠️ Gap year students are not eligible.

๐Ÿ—“ ๐๐ž๐ฐ ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐ƒ๐ž๐š๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ž:
23:59 Hrs, Saturday, March 21, 2026

The Nepal Young Physicists' Tournament follows an international-style physics competition format where teams present solutions to open-ended research problems, engage in scientific discussions, and defend their findings before peers and judges.

๐ŸŽฏ ๐ƒ๐จ๐ง’๐ญ ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐จ:
> ๐˜‹๐˜ฆ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ญ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฑ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ด๐˜ฌ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ญ๐˜ด
> ๐˜Œ๐˜น๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ ๐˜ด๐˜ค๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ค ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฃ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ด
> ๐˜ž๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ฌ ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ข ๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ฎ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ข๐˜ญ-๐˜ธ๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฉ๐˜บ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ด ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฃ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ด
> ๐˜‰๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ณ๐˜ต ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜•๐˜ฆ๐˜ฑ๐˜ข๐˜ญ’๐˜ด ๐˜จ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ธ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฉ๐˜บ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ด ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฎ๐˜ถ๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜บ

๐Ÿ“Œ ๐‘๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐ง๐จ๐ฐ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐›๐ž ๐ฉ๐š๐ซ๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐๐ž๐ฉ๐š๐ฅ’๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐ž๐ฆ๐ข๐ž๐ซ ๐ฉ๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐  ๐ฌ๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ!

๐Ÿ“ข ๐–๐ก๐š๐ญ'๐ฌ ๐ง๐ž๐ฑ๐ญ ๐š๐Ÿ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ ๐๐˜๐๐“๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”?
The selected five students from this tournament will represent Nepal at the ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ—๐ญ๐ก ๐ˆ๐ง๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐˜๐จ๐ฎ๐ง๐  ๐๐ก๐ฒ๐ฌ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฌ' ๐“๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐š๐ฆ๐ž๐ง๐ญ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐›๐ž ๐ก๐ž๐ฅ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐™๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ก, ๐’๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ณ๐ž๐ซ๐ฅ๐š๐ง๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐  ๐‰๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐Ÿ“-๐Ÿ๐Ÿ’, ๐Ÿ๐ŸŽ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ”.

Sunday, March 15, 2026

From Astronomy Olympiad into Y Combinator: A Proud Moment for the Nepali Youth Innovation Community!

Date: March 15, 2026

We are pleased to share exciting news about two outstanding alumni of the National Astronomy Olympiad (NAO) program, Sudip Rokaya and Rohan Bhattarai, who have been accepted into the Y Combinator Summer 2026 (P2026) batch for their startup Lamina Labs.

Sudip and Rohan recently co-founded Lamina Labs, a startup developing the fastest architecture for generating deterministic animated videos, specifically designed for the EdTech sector. Their work focuses on enabling high-quality, scalable educational video generation through advanced technological innovation.

Their acceptance into Y Combinator marks a historic milestone, as they are the first Nepalese founding team to be accepted into Y Combinator in its more than 21-year history. Y Combinator is one of the world’s most competitive startup accelerators and provides $500,000 in funding, along with mentorship and access to a global network of leading founders and investors.

Sudip Rokaya and Rohan Bhattarai have long been part of the NASO community through the National Astronomy Olympiad program. Sudip was the Absolute Winner of the 9th National Astronomy Olympiad (NAO 2022), while Rohan was the Absolute Winner of the 10th National Astronomy Olympiad (NAO 2023). Both represented Nepal at the 15th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA 2022) in Kutaisi, Georgia, and the 16th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA 2023) in Katowice, Poland, where they each received Honorable Mention Awards.


Sudip, originally from Simikot, Humla, moved to Pokhara from Grade 4 to pursue his education at Gandaki Boarding School, Lamachaur, where he later completed his high school education under the National Examination Board (NEB) program.

Rohan, originally from Butwal, Rupandehi, studied up to Grade 10 at New Horizon English Boarding Secondary School, Butwal, before moving to Kathmandu to pursue his A-Level studies at Trinity International College, Dillibazar.

Currently, Sudip Rokaya is studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), while Rohan Bhattarai is pursuing his studies at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—two of the world’s leading institutions for science and technology.

It is also noteworthy that Raj Kumar Dhakal, the NASO Province Coordinator for Gandaki Province, serves as a science teacher at Gandaki Boarding School, where Sudip studied. Similarly, Mukti Nath Paudel, the NASO Province Coordinator for Lumbini Province, is a science teacher at New Horizon English Boarding Secondary School, Butwal, where Rohan completed his secondary education.

Through the National Astronomy Olympiad program, NASO identified these two talented young minds at an early stage and engaged them in scientific learning and community activities during their high school years. Their continued achievements highlight the importance of nurturing curiosity and talent through national science programs.

We are proud to see the STEM pathways these two brilliant students from Nepal have followed and hope their journey will inspire many young students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Their achievements demonstrate how dedication to science and innovation can open global opportunities, enabling Nepali students to contribute not only to the development of Nepal but also to the broader global community while proudly representing Nepal on the international stage.

The Nepal Astronomical Society warmly congratulates Sudip Rokaya and Rohan Bhattarai on this remarkable achievement. Their success is not only a proud moment for NASO and the National Astronomy Olympiad program, but also an inspiration for the broader Nepali youth and startup ecosystem.

We wish them continued success as they take Lamina Labs to the global stage and look for possible collaboration to support education system in Nepal with their EdTech product/s. 

Monday, February 9, 2026

เฅงเฅฉเค”ँ เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏ เค–เค—ोเคฒ เคตिเคœ्เคžाเคจ เค“เคฒเคฎ्เคชिเคฏाเคก เฅจเฅฆเฅจเฅฌ เค•ो เคช्เคฐเคฅเคฎ เคšเคฐเคฃเค•ो เคจเคคिเคœा เคธाเคฐ्เคตเคœเคจिเค• !

 เค•ाเค เคฎाเคกौँ, เคฎाเค˜ เฅจเฅซ — เคจेเคชाเคฒ เคเคธ्เคŸ्เคฐोเคจोเคฎिเค•เคฒ เคธोเคธाเค‡เคŸी (เคจाเคธो) เคฒे เฅงเฅฉเค”ँ เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏ เค–เค—ोเคฒ เคตिเคœ्เคžाเคจ เค“เคฒเคฎ्เคชिเคฏाเคก เฅจเฅฆเฅจเฅฌ (NAO 2026) เค•ो เคช्เคฐเคฅเคฎ เคšเคฐเคฃ (เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถเคธ्เคคเคฐीเคฏ) เคชเคฐीเค•्เคทाเค•ो เคจเคคिเคœा เคธाเคฐ्เคตเคœเคจिเค• เค—เคฐेเค•ो เค›। เคฏเคธ เคšเคฐเคฃเคฎा เคธเคซเคฒ เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅीเคนเคฐू เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏเคธ्เคคเคฐเค•ो เคฆोเคธ्เคฐो เคšเคฐเคฃเค•ा เคฒाเค—ि เค›เคจोเคŸ เคญเคเค•ा เค›เคจ्। 

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เคช्เคฐเคฅเคฎ เคšเคฐเคฃเค•ो เคชเคฐीเค•्เคทा เคถเคจिเคฌाเคฐ, เฅงเฅญ เคœเคจเคตเคฐी เฅจเฅฆเฅจเฅฌ เคฎा เคฆिเค‰ँเคธो เฅงเฅจ เคฌเคœेเคฆेเค–ि เฅจ เคฌเคœेเคธเคฎ्เคฎ เคเค•ैเคธाเคฅ เคฆेเคถเคญเคฐเค•ा เคตिเคญिเคจ्เคจ เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เค•ेเคจ्เคฆ्เคฐเคนเคฐू— เคฎोเคฐเค™, เคงเคจुเคทा, เค•ाเค เคฎाเคกौँ, เค•ाเคธ्เค•ी, เคฐुเคชเคจ्เคฆेเคนी, เคธुเคฐ्เค–ेเคค เคฐ เค•ैเคฒाเคฒी—เคฎा เคธเคž्เคšाเคฒเคจ เค—เคฐिเคเค•ो เคฅिเคฏो। เคฎूเคฒ्เคฏाเค™्เค•เคจเคฎा เฅฉเฅจ เคตा เคธोเคญเคจ्เคฆा เคฌเคขी เค…ंเค• เคช्เคฐाเคช्เคค เค—เคฐ्เคจे เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅीเคนเคฐू เคฆोเคธ्เคฐो เคšเคฐเคฃเคฎा เคช्เคฐเคตेเคถ เคชाเคเค•ा เคนुเคจ्। เค—เคค เคตเคฐ्เคทเคฆेเค–ि เคฏो เค•ाเคฐ्เคฏเค•्เคฐเคฎเคฒे เคจेเคชाเคฒ เคธเคฐเค•ाเคฐ, เคถिเค•्เคทा, เคตिเคœ्เคžाเคจ เคคเคฅा เคช्เคฐเคตिเคงिเคฌाเคŸ เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏเคธ्เคคเคฐเค•ो เค“เคฒเคฎ्เคชिเคฏाเคกเค•ो เคฎाเคจ्เคฏเคคा เคชाเคเค•ो เค› । เคธाเคฅै เคฎเคจ्เคค्เคฐाเคฒเคฏเคธंเค— เคญเคเค•ो เคธเคนเคฎเคคि เค…เคจुเคธाเคฐ เคธเคน เค†เคฏोเคœเค•เค•ो เคฐूเคชเคฎा เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏเคธ्เคคเคฐเค•ो เค•ाเคฐ्เคฏเค•्เคฐเคฎ เคธंเคšाเคฒเคจ เค—เคฐ्เคจ  เค†ंเคถिเค• เค†เคฐ्เคฅिเค• เคคเคฅा เค†เคตเคถ्เคฏเค• เคช्เคฐाเคตिเคงिเค• เคธเคนเคฏोเค— เคฐเคนเคจेเค› । 

เคจाเคธोเค•ा เค…เคจुเคธाเคฐ เคฏเคธ เคตเคฐ्เคทเค•ो เค“เคฒเคฎ्เคชिเคฏाเคกเคฎा เคธाเคคै เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถเคฌाเคŸ เค‰เคฒ्เคฒेเค–เคจीเคฏ เคธเคนเคญाเค—िเคคा เคฆेเค–िเคเค•ो เค›। เคธाเคฎुเคฆाเคฏिเค•, เคจिเคœी, เค†เคตाเคธीเคฏ เคคเคฅा เคตिเคถेเคท เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฒเคฏเคนเคฐूเคฌाเคŸ เค†เคเค•ा เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅीเคนเคฐूเคฒे เคช्เคฐเคคिเคธ्เคชเคฐ्เคงाเคค्เคฎเค• เคช्เคฐเคฆเคฐ्เคถเคจ เค—เคฐेเค•ा เค›เคจ्।

เค•ोเคถी เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ (เคธिเคจिเคฏเคฐ) เคคเคฐ्เคซ เคถिเค•्เคทाเคฆीเคช เคฌोเคฐ्เคกिเค™ เคธेเค•ेเคจ्เคกเคฐी เคธ्เค•ुเคฒเค•ा เคธिเคฆ्เคงाเคจ्เคค เคชเคฐाเคœुเคฒी เคช्เคฐเคฅเคฎ เคญเคเค•ा เค›เคจ् เคญเคจे เคœुเคจिเคฏเคฐ เคธเคฎूเคน เคฎा เคฌाเคฒ เค•เคฒ्เคฏाเคฃ เคตिเคฆ्เคฏा เคฎเคจ्เคฆिเคฐเค•ा เคถเคนเคตाเคœ เค†เคฒเคฎ เคถीเคฐ्เคท เคธ्เคฅाเคจเคฎा เคฐเคนे। เคฎเคงेเคถ เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคฎा เคธिเคจिเคฏเคฐ เคธเคฎूเคนเคฌाเคŸ เคœ्เคžाเคจเคฆा เคเค•ेเคกेเคฎीเค•ा เค—ौเคฐเคต เค—ुเคช्เคคा เคชเคนिเคฒो เคญเคเค•ा เค›เคจ्।

เคฌाเค—เคฎเคคी เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคฌाเคŸ เคธเคฌैเคญเคจ्เคฆा เคฌเคขी เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅी เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏ เคšเคฐเคฃเค•ा เคฒाเค—ि เค›เคจोเคŸ เคญเคเค•ा เค›เคจ्। เคธिเคจिเคฏเคฐ เคธเคฎूเคนเคฎा เค•ाเค เคฎाเคกौं เคฎोเคกเคฒ เคธ्เค•ुเคฒ, เคฒเคฒिเคคเคชुเคฐเค•ा เค†เคฐ्เคฏเคจ เค–เคก्เค•ा เคฐ เคœुเคจिเคฏเคฐ เคธเคฎूเคนเคฎा เค•ाเค เคฎाเคกौं เคช्เคฐเคœ्เคžा เค•ुเคž्เคœ เคธ्เค•ुเคฒเค•ा เคธเคฎ्เคชเคจ्เคจ เคฆाเคนाเคฒ เคช्เคฐเคฅเคฎ เคญเคเค•ा เค›เคจ्।

เคฏเคธैเค—เคฐी เค—เคฃ्เคกเค•ी เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคฎा เคธिเคจिเคฏเคฐเคคเคฐ्เคซ เคฎเคฆเคฐเคฒ्เคฏाเคจ्เคก เคธेเค•ेเคจ्เคกเคฐी เคธ्เค•ुเคฒเค•ा เคถเคถ्เคตเคค เคฐेเค—्เคฎी, เคฒुเคฎ्เคฌिเคจी เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคฎा เคฌिเคนाเคจ เคจ्เคฏौเคชाเคจे, เค•เคฐ्เคฃाเคฒी เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคฎा เคจเคฎुเคจा เคถाเคน, เคคเคฅा เคธुเคฆूเคฐเคชเคถ्เคšिเคฎ เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคฎा เคช्เคฐเคถुเคฆ เคชเคจ्เคคเคฒे เคธिเคจिเคฏเคฐ เคธเคฎूเคนเคฎा เคชเคนिเคฒो เคธ्เคฅाเคจ เคนाเคธिเคฒ เค—เคฐेเค•ा เค›เคจ्।

เคจाเคธोเค•ा เค…เคจुเคธाเคฐ เคฆोเคธ्เคฐो เคšเคฐเคฃ (เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏ เคธ्เคคเคฐ) เค•ो เค•ाเคฐ्เคฏเค•्เคฐเคฎ เคนाเค‡เคฌ्เคฐिเคก เคฎोเคก เคฎा เคธเคž्เคšाเคฒเคจ เคนुเคจेเค›। เค…เคงिเค•ांเคถ เคถैเค•्เคทिเค• เคธเคค्เคฐเคนเคฐू เค…เคจเคฒाเค‡เคจ เคฎाเคง्เคฏเคฎเคฌाเคŸ เคนुเคจेเค›เคจ् เคญเคจे เค†เคตเคถ्เคฏเค• เคชเคฐेเคฎा เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅीเคนเคฐूเคฒे เคช्เคฐเคฆेเคถ เคธเคฎเคจ्เคตเคฏเค•เคฐ्เคคाเคฎाเคฐ्เคซเคค เค•ेเคนी เค—เคคिเคตिเคงि เคธเคฎ्เคชเคจ्เคจ เค—เคฐ्เคจुเคชเคฐ्เคจेเค›।

เค›เคจोเคŸ เคญเคเค•ा เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅीเคนเคฐूเคฒाเคˆ เคซेเคฌ्เคฐुเค…เคฐी เฅงเฅซ, เฅจเฅฆเฅจเฅฌ เคญिเคค्เคฐ เค‡เคฎेเคฒเคฎाเคฐ्เคซเคค् เคธเคนเคญाเค—िเคคा เคชुเคท्เคŸि เค—เคฐ्เคจ เค…เคจुเคฐोเคง เค—เคฐिเคเค•ो เค›। เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏ เคšเคฐเคฃเค•ो เค…เคจ्เคคเคฐ्เค—เคค เคฆोเคธ्เคฐो เคฐ เคคेเคธ्เคฐो เคšเคฐเคฃ เคธंเคšाเคฒเคจ เคนुเคจेเค›เคจ् เคœเคธเคฎा เคฆोเคธ्เคฐो เคšเคฐเคฃ เค˜เคฐैเคฌเคธी เคฆिเคจ เคธเค•िเคจेเค› เคญเคจे เคคेเคธ्เคฐो เคšเคฐเคฃเค•ा เคฒाเค—ि เคเค• เคนเคช्เคคे เคฌเคจ्เคฆ เคถिเคตिเคฐเค•ा เคฒाเค—ि เค•ाเค เคฎाเคกौं เค†เค‰เคจुเคชเคฐ्เคจेเค› । 

เค‰เคค्เค•ृเคท्เคŸ เคตिเคฆ्เคฏाเคฐ्เคฅीเคนเคฐू เค›เคจोเคŸ เค—เคฐी เค…เคจ्เคคเคฐ्เคฐाเคท्เคŸ्เคฐिเคฏ เค–เค—ोเคฒ เคคเคฅा เค–เค—ोเคฒเคญौเคคिเค• เค“เคฒเคฎ्เคชिเคฏाเคกเค•ा เคฒाเค—ि เคจेเคชाเคฒเค•ो เคŸोเคฒी เคคเคฏाเคฐ เค—เคฐिเคจेเค›।